Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems Week 2 Answers 2026
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Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems Week 2 Answers (Jan-Apr 2026)
Que.1
In server virtualization, which component directly manages the physical hardware and exposes virtualized resources to VMs?
a) Guest OS
b) Hypervisor
c) Open vSwitch
d) Docker Engine
Que.2
Docker containers are described as isolated processes that primarily share what with other containers?
a) Hypervisor
b) Host kernel
c) Guest kernel
d) Physical NIC firmware
Que.3
In Docker networking, external network connectivity is commonly provided using:
a) MPLS label switching
b) NAT
c) iBGP
d) VLAN flooding
Que.4
In SR-IOV, what is a “virtual function” on the NIC?
a) A full physical Ethernet port
b) A software bridge inside the hypervisor
c) A VLAN tag applied by the controller
d) A simple queue with transmit/receive functionality mapped to a VM
Que.5
In Open vSwitch design, where do the “smarts” (rule/policy decisions) primarily reside?
a) User space
b) NIC hardware pipeline
c) Physical switch firmware
d) VM guest OS
Que.6
In Open vSwitch, what is primarily handled in the kernel?
a) Fast/common-case packet forwarding
b) High-level policy computation
c) Tenant topology design
d) Directory-server lookups
Que.7
Mininet is best described as:
a) A WAN traffic engineering optimizer
b) A hardware NIC virtualization standard
c) A network emulator that can create realistic virtual networks on one machine
d) A proprietary router configuration platform
Que.8
In SDN, the “logically centralized controller” is primarily intended to:
a) Replace all physical links with wireless
b) Keep distributed switching devices simple while centralizing intelligence
c) Eliminate the need for data planes
d) Run only inside NIC firmware
Que.9
VL2 uses “oblivious routing,” meaning that a flow’s path:
a) Always follows the shortest path only
b) Depends on current traffic matrix measurements
c) Does not depend on the current traffic matrix
d) Changes per-packet based on CPU load
Que.10
Google’s B4 is characterized as:
a) A public Internet peering solution
b) A private WAN connecting Google data centers globally using SDN ideas
c) A hypervisor for VMs
d) A Linux container runtime
(Jan-Apr 2025)
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1. What are the two key design goals for Open vSwitch ?
- Scalability and partitioning
- Isolation and tunneling
- Reliability and filtering
- Flexible and fast-forwarding
2. Consider the following statements related to Software-defined networking (SDN) technology:
Statement 1: SDN is an approach to network management that enables dynamic, programmatically efficient network configuration in order to improve network performance and monitoring making it more like cloud computing than traditional network management.
Statement 2: SDN attempts to centralize network intelligence in one network component by disassociating the forwarding process of network packets (data plane) from the routing process (control plane).
- Only statement 1 is true
- Only statement 2 is true
- Both statements are false
- Both statements are true
3. Match the correct pairs:
- P: IV, Q: III, R: I, S: II
- P: IV, Q: I, R: II, S: III
- P: III, Q: I, R: II, S: IV
- P: II, Q: IV, R: III, S: I
4. True or False ?
Docker is an open-source project that automates the deployment of applications inside software containers, by providing an additional layer of abstraction and automation of OS–level virtualization on Linux.
- True
- False
5. ______________ is a network emulator which creates a network of virtual hosts, switches, controllers, and links.
- Docker
- Mininet
- Hypervisor
- KVM
6. To offer hot-spot free performance for arbitrary traffic matrices, VL2 uses two related mechanisms:
- Flows and out-of-order delivery
- Clos network and EQMP
- Agility and Load balancing
- VLB and ECMP
7. The key challenges of a Multi-Tenant Data Center are:
I. Performance uniformity
II. Agility
III. Scalability
IV. Location independent addressing
Options:
- I, II, III
- I, II, IV
- II, III, IV
- I, III, IV
8. Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: In Single-root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV), forwarding is no longer as flexible because it relies on a layer two switch that is built into the hardware of the NIC.
Statement 2: In Single-root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV), the live VM migration becomes trickier, because the virtual machine is tied to physical resources of the machine.
- Only statement 1 is true
- Only statement 2 is true
- Both statements are true
- Both statements are false
9. ______________ is the original OpenFlow controller. It serves as a network control platform, that provides a high level programmatic interface for management and the development of network control applications. Its system-wide abstractions turn networking into a software problem.
- Routing Control Platform
- 4D architecture
- Ethane
- NOX
10. Choose the correct items for X, Y, and Z.
X architecture comprises a hierarchy of controllers. At the top level we have the Y, which is talking to an SDN gateway. The gateway can be thought of as a super controller that talks to the controller’s at all these different Z.
- X: Global controller, Y: Google’s B4, Z: Data center sites
- X: Google’s B4, Y: Data center sites, Z: Global controller
- X: Google’s B4, Y: Global controller, Z: Data center sites
- X: Data center sites, Y: Google’s B4, Z: Global controller
Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems Week 2 Answers
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